Chronic diarrhea persists for weeks or months, signaling underlying conditions beyond acute gastroenteritis. Common causes include inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis), irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea, malabsorption (celiac disease, pancreatic insufficiency), infections, medications, and endocrine disorders. Evaluation begins with a detailed history, physical exam, stool studies, blood tests, and sometimes endoscopy with biopsies. Treatment targets the cause, replaces lost fluids and electrolytes, and relieves symptoms. Dietary changes, probiotics, and anti-diarrheal agents may help. In infectious or inflammatory cases, clinicians coordinate with pharmacists and distributors; ceftriaxone distributors, for example, ensure appropriate antibiotic availability when bacterial etiologies are suspected by clinicians.
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